Journal of Engineering Studies and Computer science

Assessment of drinking water quality for the city of Port Sudan (source: Khor Arbaat)

mustafa Sirlkhatem — 2022-11-01

Port Sudan is the main port and largest commercial center of the Sudan located in semi-arid region. Population estimate in 2010 was about 401,400 inhabitants [¹]. The water demand estimated was about 120000-150000 m3/day. Water production from Khor Arbaat is 60,000 m3/day in good years; however, it may go down to 30,000 m3/day in bad years. In general, the overall situation of the city is characterized by regular shortages.

There are three dams (U/G Dam1, SPC Dam2, FR Dam3) structured on Khor Arbaat for water harvesting (2005,2000,1992), siltation represents thegreatest problem to these Dams, accordingly their capacities storage is decreases. Their storage capacities are 16*106, 5*106, and 6*106 m3 respectively, therefore the small capacities of these dams lead to inflation silt in a limited period of time. In the same way the Sea Port Corporation (Dam 2) in the year 2012 was removed by the armed forces of the corps as a result of inflation silting and thickness of silting to 6 meters. Water from Khor Arbaat gets into the transfer system without any treatment. The study is considered baseline study of water in Port Sudan city. All the results pointed the samples of water were not according the Sudanese Standard and Metrology Organization (SSMG) .GIS Arc. Map and Kriging method are used to study the characteristics of water depend on coordinates and samples results.

Evaluation of Locally Produced Bottled Water Quality – Sudan

Mortada H.A. Elhesain — 2022-11-01

This research was conducted to study and evaluate the quality of
some types of locally produced bottled drinking water in Sudan. The
objective of this research is to assess the quality of some varieties of bottled
drinking water and compare the results obtained with the Sudanese standards
and the World Health Organization by conducting chemical, physical and
microbial analyzes. Thirteen newly produced samples were taken randomly from bottled water from some shops in Kosti city, and then some laboratory
tests were performed on them to find out the chemical, physical and
microbial properties. Where the results obtained from the chemical analyzes,
represented in some characteristics, and was as follows: PH (7.2-8.5) mg / l,
total dissolved salts (85-150) mg /l fluoride (0-0.8) mg / l, and chloride (4.8).
-35) mg /l and physical analyzes, that bottled drinking water has no color,
taste or smell, and the turbidity in the range (0-0.53) NTU fully conforms to
the Sudanese specifications and the World Health Organization (WHO). The
results obtained from the microbial tests for intestinal and faecal bacteria
were 0 (cell / 100ml), respectively, and they are also within the permissible
microbial limits according to the specifications of the Sudanese Organization
for Standardization and Metrology and the World Health Organization
(WHO) by 100%.

Ethanol Process HYSYS Simulation and Optimization: A Case Study of Kenana Ethanol Plant

Mohammed Bukhari — 2022-11-01

In this paper Kenana ethanol plant has been simulated by the
simulator tool of Hysys. The thermodynamic properties are calculated with
NTR property package models, which are available in HYSYS simulator
program. Ethanol is a renewable resource of energy and is potentially cleaner
alternative to fossil fuels. Also it is a very important basic chemical, widely
used in different industrial sector and It is the most important and popular
fuel in the current era and future as well. In new processes development, the
analysis of an industrial plant through simulation may frequently indicate,
beforehand, whether it is technically and economically feasible. In the case of
existing plant (Kenana Ethanol), already in operation, the process simulation
can help optimizing their operational conditions, obtaining products of better
quality as well as reductions in energy consumption and other process losses.
The main purpose of the study is to simulate and optimize the annual profit
96% ethanol plant by Aspen HYSYS 3.2. In order to simulate this process
some process operational data of the ethanol plant of Kenana ethanol are
used. The optimization criterion of the process is to maximize the annual
profit. This study will be very helpful for the plant operators to run the
factory efficiently by minimizing the process system requirement. The results
show that the ethanol recovery in mass fraction was 96.35 by using HYSYS
program while 92% mass fraction plant. In the stillage the ethanol was found
3.75% in case plant while 0.06% mass faction in case of HYSYS this
differences attributed to un-optimized condition in plant.

Effect of Ash Content on Color of Processed Cane Sugar

Sulieman Fideada — 2022-11-01

Samples from all three columns of the factory were taken at fixed time
intervals and analyzed for color, pH and conductivity. Raw sugar, melt liquor,
clarified liquor, filtrate liquor, de-colorized liquor and refined sugar; color,
(ICUMSA) levels were found 727, 641, 335, 206, 80 and 50 respectively:;
with a corresponding ash content of 0.17, 0.14, 0.13, 0.12, 0.11 and 0.10 .
The conductivity ash was measured for A- sugar and found to be 0.12%,
whereas the standard value is 0.1%. The obtained results showed that the ash
content lied within the standard range. The high amount of reducing sugars
cause or rise the color as it was formed at Assalaya sugar Factory. When, RS
was 0.25 the color was 45 ICUMSA, but when the RS of the raw sugar was
0.77 the color appear as to be 776 ICUMSA

Comparison of Performance of Tracked and Fixed Photovoltaic Modules

ALhbeeb Babaker ALhbeeb Babaker — 2022-11-01

The main objective of this study work was to compare between tracked and fixed photovoltaic modules. In terms of power output and to investigate the efficiency of tracking. A pyronometer was placed on the tracker to compare the
beam radiations readings with the maximum theoretical beam radiation at the location. A 50W photovoltaic module was attached onto both tracked and fixed system. The inclination of the modules was 15.50 to facing the south. The tests
were conducted at the premises of National Energy Research Center .the tracked modules followed the sun from 9.00am to 5.00pm. The results showed that the average of tracking efficiency was 92% compared with theoretical calculated
radiation. The photovoltaic module comparison test showed that the tracker is the most effective in the morning hours from 9.00 to 12.00 hours and in the afternoon from 15.00 to 17.00 hours because the tracker makes solar radiation perpendicular to solar cell.

Recognizing the expressions of the human face using artificial intelligence algorithms

Mohamed Elmahi — 2022-11-01

Computer vision & image processing is one of the largest areas of computer science that focuses on processing of the digital images. The purpose of this research is to shed light on the mechanism and stages of recognizing the expressions of the human face by identifying the identity of the face that is entered into a particular expression. There are a number of expressions in the face of human, including the six typical expressions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise, in addition to normal face expression. In this paper, recognition system was applied to some human facial expressions two expression, using the Histogram of Oriented Gradients algorithm (HOG) to extract image features, and the Support Vector Machine (SVM), which processes the classification and expression of the desired expression. The accuracy of this system reached 90%. This model is capable to identify different faces from different nationalities and ages.

The Parameters Affecting the Process of Sugar Drying - Assalaya Sugar Factory - Sudan

Mohamed Sharief — 2022-11-01

The main objective of this research work is to study the parameters that
affecting, the process of Sugar particles drying to avoid the growing up of
lumps in bagged sugar during Sugar storage Process. It is known fact that,
every year considerable amount of sugar deteriorate during its storage in
godowns, due to Sugar deterioration process, a huge amount of sugar bags
comes from all Sudanese Sugar factories in process from sugar godown for
reprocessing, which will increase the cost of the production. The most
important factors contributing towards the deterioration of sugar in godowns
is high temperature and moisture % Sugar at the time of bagging dampers in
bags, which will contribute in lump formation , increase in color due to
growing of bacteria. Parameters such as drying air volume, Cooling air
volume, exhaust air volume, heating Surface, Steam Consumption ,Velocity
of hot air ,Velocity of cool air ,Volume of Dryer and Retention time , were
studied in this research work, the study proved that , the above mentioned
parameters should be controlled to avoid Sugar deterioration process in
godowns .

Effects of Discharge Reject Brine on Surface Water in Port Sudan City

Mustafa SirElkhatim Mustafa — 2022-11-01

The general aim of this study focus on the effects of discharge reject brine
into the surface water in Port Sudan city. It considers baseline study in Port
Sudan. Three samples of water were taken from sea land lagoon by using
TCD (Temperature, Conductivity and Depth) device; on the other hand one
sample from open sea (Abu Hashish) was also taken. All the samples were
collected during summer and winter seasons.
The obtained results showed a significant increase in the temperature and
salinity of the surface water when mixed with the discharge reject brine, this
will absolutely affect the marine life. Also the continuous discharge reject
brine into water near the intake desalination plants affects the characteristics
of the feed water.

Determination of Physicochemical Proprieties of MATATEEB Village's Drinking Water in North delta Locality- Kassala State- Eastern Sudan

Dr. OSMAN MOHAMED SAAD — 2022-11-01

The main objective of the present study is to investigate the
physicochemical proprieties of MATATEEB Village's drinking water, in north
delta Locality, Kassala State, Eastern Sudan, and to match the results with
Sudanese and WHO standards for drinking water quality. Fresh water samples
were taken from the main sources of Hopper surface water and underground
water, during the period from January till Marc 2018. The analysis was done at
Kassala drinking water Authority and General Health laboratories. Parameters
measured includes: Color, Taste, Smell, Turbidity, Electrical Conductivity EC,
Total Dissolve Solids (TDS), pH, Total Hardness, Carbonate, Bicarbonate,
Ammonia, Ammonium, Nitrite and Nitrate. The physical analysis presents that
this water is colorless of a good taste and smell, the mean average values were
varied from 217.70 to 3.5) NTU for Turbidity, 206 to 418 µS/cm for EC, for
pH is 7.9, for Total Hardness were 215.50 to 367.80 mg/L, and for TDS were
228.9 to 697.13 mg/L, for Hopper surface water and underground water
respectively. The chemical analysis show that , the mean average values for (
Carbonate, Bicarbonate, Ammonia, Ammonium, Nitrite and Nitrate)
concentrations for Hopper surface water and underground water respectively in
mg/L are : [(321.50 to 692.60), (0.86 to 0.43), (0.94 to 0.45), (1.74 to 0.02) ,
and (18.03 to 42.60)]. The analysis proved that, all measured parameters come
of regular properties that are accepted by (WHO) and Sudanese standard
guideline, except Turbidity of Hopper surface water , which was found out of
acceptable limits of WHO. In spite of this the water is regarded as drinkable
and almost it suitable for domestic and agricultural use, MATATEEB Village's
drinking water show good properties.